Peach Tree Breeding Features:

Climate Demand:

• Peaches prefer temperate climates.
• Regions with cold winters and hot, dry summers are suitable for peach cultivation.
• Areas free from frost risk are preferred.

Soil Requirements:

• Well-drained, deep, and organic matter-rich soils are ideal.
• Soil depth is important due to the tree’s height (at least 1 meter).
• Acidic soils are not suitable for peaches.
• Soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.0.

ROOTSTOCKS (Rootstock Names):

• Common rootstocks used in peach cultivation are:
  • Peach Rootstocks (Prunus persica): The most common rootstocks. They are resistant to peach diseases.
  • Hawthorn Rootstocks (Crataegus monogyna): Resistant to drought and calcareous soils.
  • Plum Rootstocks (Prunus domestica): Suitable for heavy soils.

POLLINATION BIOLOGY (Trees Used for Pollination):

• Peach is a wind-pollinated plant.
• Male flowers open before female flowers. This reduces the possibility of pollination problems.
• Planting different varieties in the orchard is beneficial for increasing yield.
• To aid in pollination, other fruit trees compatible with peaches, such as almonds, apricots, and plums, can also be included in peach orchards.

VARIETIES (Names of Tree Types):

There are numerous peach varieties available for cultivation.

Some of the most popular peach varieties include:

• Erkendağ: An early-ripening peach variety. Yellow in color, juicy and sweet.
• Hacıoğlu: A mid-season peach variety. White-fleshed, aromatic, and flavorful.
• Suluova: A late-ripening peach variety. White-fleshed, large, and durable.
• May Peach: A small and sweet peach variety consumed in the summer months.
• Halil Bey Peach: A sweet and aromatic, white-fleshed peach variety.

ORCHARD ESTABLISHMENT:

Sapling Planting and Time:

• Peach saplings are typically planted in the spring after the harsh winter frosts have passed.
• The best time for planting saplings varies by region.
• Generally, March-April is preferred.

Preparation of the Garden Place for Planting:

• Deep tillage should be done in the planting area to ensure drainage.
• Soil improvers can be used if necessary.
• Planting holes should be dug large enough to accommodate the sapling roots comfortably.

Features to be Sought in Saplings:

• Healthy, disease-free saplings with proper pruning marks should be preferred.
• Sapling roots should not be pruned.

Planting Distance and Shape (How Many Meters by How Many Meters to Plant):

• Peach trees are medium-sized trees. The planting distance should be determined accordingly.
• The planting pattern can be square or triangular depending on the land structure.
• Generally, planting is done at 5-6 meters x 5-6 meters intervals. However, these values may vary depending on the peach variety and soil fertility.

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE OF ORCHARDS:

Tillage:

• Soil tillage (tillage) can be done once or twice a year for weed control and soil aeration.
• However, care should be taken not to excavate near the tree to avoid root damage.

Irrigation (Average Water Requirement per Tree):

• Peach trees need water throughout the year. Regular irrigation is especially important during fruit set and development periods.
• A drip irrigation system saves water.
• On average, a young peach tree (up to 3 years old) needs 20-30 liters of water per week, while an adult tree needs 40-50 liters of water per week.
• These values can vary depending on rainfall, soil structure, tree age, and fruit condition.

Fertilization (NPK Values):

• Soil analysis should be done and fertilization should be done according to the need.
• In the first few years, fertilizers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) can be applied.
• Generally, the recommended NPK values for fruit-bearing peach trees are 100:50:75 kg/ha. However, these values may vary depending on soil analysis results.

Diseases and Pests (Names of Diseases):

• Peach leaf curl disease
• Monilia disease
• Peach blister disease
• Peach gummosis
• Flat-headed borer
• Peach twig borer

Pruning (How Many Types of Pruning Shapes Are There):

There are generally three types of pruning done on peach trees:

• Formative pruning: Done on
• Formative pruning: Done on young trees to develop their shape.
• Fruiting pruning: Done to increase yield and rejuvenate branches.
• Rejuvenation pruning: Done on older trees with declining yield.

Harvest (Months It Starts and How Many Kilos It Yields):

• Peach harvest typically begins between June and August, depending on the variety.
• Peach yield varies based on age, variety, maintenance practices, and climatic conditions.
• Peach trees begin to bear fruit after 3-4 years and can provide a yield of 10-15 tons per hectare under ideal conditions.

Storage (Number of Days It Can Be Stored):

• The storage period depends on the peach variety and ripeness.
• Firm and unripe peach varieties can be stored for 2-3 weeks under suitable conditions (such as a cold storage facility).
• Fully ripe peach varieties spoil faster and should be consumed soon after harvest.

Additional Information:

• Wind protection is important for peach trees, especially during the fruit set period.
• Peach is a self-fruitful tree. However, planting different varieties together is recommended to increase yield.
• For more detailed information on peach cultivation, you can consult the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ([relevant ministry of agriculture website in your country]) and research reports from agricultural universities.

Note: This information provides a general framework. For success in peach cultivation, it’s crucial to obtain and apply knowledge specific to your region and peach variety.

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