Pear Tree Detailed Technical Information

Pear is a fruit that is loved all over the world for its flavor and nutritional value. With the right techniques, pear cultivation can be a profitable investment. Below is detailed technical information that must be considered at each stage of pear cultivation:

BREEDING CHARACTERISTICS:

Climate Request:

• Pear loves temperate climates.
• Regions with mild winters and cool and dry summers are suitable for pear cultivation.
• Preference should be given to regions where there is no danger of late frost.

Soil Requests:

• Soils with good drainage, deep and rich in organic matter are ideal.
• Due to the height of the tree, the soil depth is important (at least 1 meter).
• Acidic soils are not suitable for pears.
• Soil pH should be between 6.0-7.0.

ROOTSTOCKS (Names of Rootstocks):

• Rootstocks that are commonly used in the cultivation of pears are:
  • Ahlat Rootstock: It is the most widely used rootstock. It is strong and durable.
  • Pyrus serotina: It provides early fruiting and high yields.
  • Quince A (Pyrus cydonia): It is resistant to dry and salinity.
  • East Malling (EM) Series: There are many EM series rootstocks with different characteristics.

POLLINATION BIOLOGY

• Pear is a wind-pollinated plant.
• Male flowers bloom before female flowers. In this way, the possibility of pollination problems is reduced.
• To increase yields, it is useful to plant different varieties in the garden.
• Other fruit trees compatible with pears, such as apples and quinces, can also be kept in pear orchards to help with pollination.

VARIETIES (What Type of Tree Names Exists):

• There are a large number of pear varieties in pear cultivation.
• Some of the most popular pear varieties include:
  • Santa Maria: Peeled and green pear. It is a delicious and crunchy variety.
  • Abate Fetel: Yellow pear with skin. It is a juicy and aromatic variety.
  • Williams: Peeled and green pears. It is used in canning.
  • Hunkar: It is a domestic pear variety. It is a delicious and aromatic variety.
  • Napoleon: Yellow pear with skin. It is used for table and drying.

GARDEN PLANT:

Sapling Planting and Time:

• Pear seedlings are usually planted in the spring, after the freezing temperatures of winter have passed.
• The optimal time for planting seedlings varies depending on the region.
• Generally, March-April months are preferred.

Planting site preparation:

• Drainage should be provided by deep tillage in the planting area.
• If necessary, soil improvers can be used.
• Planting pits should be dug in such a way that the roots of the seedlings can fit comfortably.

Features Sought in Seedlings:

• Healthy, disease-free and smooth pruning traces should be preferred.
• The roots of seedlings should not be pruned.

Planting Distance and Shape (How many meters to plant):

• Since pear trees reach a large size, attention should be paid to the planting spacing.
• The planting shape can be square or triangular depending on the terrain structure.
• Planting is usually carried out at intervals of 5-6 meters x 5-6 meters.

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE:

Tillage :

• Weed control

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE :

• Tillage can be done once or twice a year for weed control and soil aeration.
• However, to prevent root damage, digging should not be done close to the tree.

Irrigation (Irrigation):

• The pear tree needs more water than the apple.
• Regular watering is especially important during fruit set and development periods.
• The drip irrigation system saves water.
• The frequency and amount of watering may vary depending on the soil structure, precipitation and the age of the tree.

Fertilization (NPK Values):

• Soil analysis should be done and fertilization should be done according to the needs.
• In the first years, fertilizers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can be given.
• Generally, the recommended NPK values for fruit-bearing pear trees are 80:40:60 kg/ha. However, these values may vary according to the results of soil analysis.

Diseases and Pests (Names of Diseases):

• Pear blight
• Bacterial branched cancer
• Pear psila
• Red fruit mite

Pruning (how many types of pruning are there):

• Three types of pruning are usually carried out on pear trees:
  • Formation pruning: It  is done for shaping young trees.
  • Fruiting pruning: It  is carried out to increase yields and rejuvenate branches.
  • Rejuvenation pruning: It is done on old and decreasing trees.

Harvest:

• Pear harvesting usually begins in August-September.
• Harvest time may vary depending on the pear variety and region.
• Pear yield varies according to age, variety and care practices.
• Pear trees, which start to bear fruit after the age of 4-5, can yield between 5-7 tons per decare under ideal conditions.

Storage (How Many Days Can Be Stored):

• The storage period varies depending on the pear variety and degree of ripeness.
• Some pear varieties can be stored in cold storage for 3-4 months.
• At room temperature, pears ripen in a shorter time and should be consumed.

Additional Information:

• Bee pollination is important in pear cultivation  .
• Pear trees  are not nitrogen-fixing plants. Because of this, the need for nitrogen fertilization in the pear orchard may increase.

Note: This information provides a general framework. For success in pear cultivation, it is important to acquire and apply knowledge specific to your region and pear variety.

source:https://gemini.google.com